In traverse calculations, you may find the given angle is negative, as in example 7. We also discuss methods of differential leveling, including steps to follow in checking level notes. Aait, department of civil engineering 2 lecture note. This article includes the definition of traverse surveying along with its classification, errors in traversing, checks, the completed method of traversing and plotting of traverse survey. Open traverse an open traverse figure 71 originates at a. Angles and directions the most common relative directions are left, right, forwards, backwards, up, and down. This method is widely used for closed and open traverses.
Utilizing business machines in traverse and earthwork. Thus, these parameters are used in traverse computations which are performed in a plane rectangular coordinate system. The compass rule adjustment is used in survey computations to distribute. This type of closed traverse is considered to be the second best and is used when both time for survey and limited survey control are considerations. Example closed traverse computation cont a determine the angular, easting, northing and linear misclosure of the traverse. Traverse is plotted to scale on a sheet of graphing and numbers of square inside the traverse is counted.
Traverse surveying in the field yields observed angles or directions and length of the traverse sides. Coverage includes information on adjusting intermediate bench marks as well as a level net. Before the areas of a piece of land can be computed, it is necessary to have a closed. While the loop traverse provides some check of the fieldwork and computations, it does not ensure the detection of all the systematic errors that may occur in a survey. Using a planimeter similar method like graphical method which. Ppt traverse computation powerpoint presentation free. Ipenz, auckland city, nz college of architecture, qassim university, buraidah city, ksa email address. Balancing the closed traverse in land surveying tomas u. The usual steps followed in making elementary traverse computations are. Oregon department of transportation geometronics 200 hawthorne ave. Traverse closure computations typical computation of example of a connecting traverse showing original unadjusted field data. Note that, in least squares adjustment, the number of observations must exceed the number of unknown parameters equations formed must be equal to the number of field observations. Traverse computations free download as powerpoint presentation. The relative positions of the traverse stations are then computed using some coordinate systems.
When a sequence of connected lines extends along a general direction and does not return to the starting point, it is known as open traverse or unclosed traverse. Traverse computation where the bearings of two sides are unknown. Traverse correction closed traverse traverse correction in cad package. It is used for prolongation of survey lines, finding the difference in elevation and setting out engineering works requiring higher precision, i.
Minimumnumberofstations,asneeded lines should be as close as possible to the details to be surveyed. Pdf balancing the closed traverse in land surveying. Traverse information is reduced and adjustments are performed according to industryaccepted standards and task requirements. Traverse computation where the bearings of two sides are unknown and the area within the closed traverse is desired. Learn the principles of running a closed field traverse. Property surveys to establish boundaries traverse the following conditions should be considered. A closed traverse is a polygon of n sides whose internal angles sum to. If all angles and distances were measured perfectly, the algebraic sum of the departures of all lines in the traverse should equal zero. Traverse correction in excel transit rulebowditch rule closed traverse duration. Linear misclosure and relative precision example 103 textbook. Example of a connecting traverse showing original unadjusted field data. Traverse correction in excel transit rulebowditch rule. It starts at a point of known position and terminates at a point of unknown position. Areas are determined using the socalled double meridian distance method.
Microsoft powerpoint surveying errors and adjustment. Ken snelgrove lect 11 oct 1007 slide 1 of 10 traverse calculations traversing computations. Compute departure and latitudes for traverse courses. Learn how to properly adjust the measured values of a closed traverse to achieve mathematical closure. Department of geodetic engineering training center for applied geodesy and photogrammetry ge 11 elementary surveying at the end of the lecture, the student should be able to. Open traverses means that the starting and closing station is fixed with known coordinates. A closed traverse is used to measure an enclosed polygonal area consisting of straight sides.
Fig 1 a open traverse b closed link traverse c closed loop traverse. Traversing computations traversing computationschapter. Compass traverse in dealing with a closed traverse, we have computations in. Fixing up of known coordinates is generally done by using dgps. In this section we provide information on procedures used in making level and traverse computations. A regularly shaped piece of land, of course, has many. Traverse computations are used to do the following. This is also a closed traverse but the start and end points are not the same.
Site surveying report traversing linkedin slideshare. Traversing and area computation flashcards quizlet. Example closed traverse computation cont 1 there is no need to calculate the starting and ending bearings as they are given. This type of closed traverse starts and ends at the same point, whose relative horizontal position is known. Traverse computations and adjustments the linear misclosures must be adjusted distributed there are a number of methods available for adjusting traverses. Basics of least squares adjustment computation in surveying. Traverse surveying definition, types, methods, checks. Computations are performed on coordinates of a simple closed traverse using computational equipment, and missing elements and coordinates are adjusted and computed. This video illustrates 10 steps required for computation of plane coordinates from the distances and interior angles measured along a closed.
Computation of station coordinates traverse closure computations table 75. Surveying errors and adjustment islamic university of gaza. The calculation of the area of a piece of land is easy enough when it has a regular shape. Define traverse and traverse stations enumerate purposes of traverse enumerate and differentiate general classes and types of traverse identify formulas for traverse. An instrument used for measuring horizontal and vertical angle accurately is known as a theodolite. Surveying traverse computations in 10 steps youtube. Balancing the closed traverse in land surveying article pdf available in the scientific world journal 83. Data are gathered in the field by using levelling rod, steel tape. Class objectives adjust angular misclosure for closed traverses. A closed traverse sta rt s and fi nish es at the same point a nd an open traverse start s and finis hes at differe nt points. Traverse surveying is a popular method of surveying. Traverse linear misclosure and relative precision for a closed traverse, it can be reasoned that if all angles and distances were measured. The surveyor adjusts the measurements by computations to minimize the effect of accidental errors made in the measurements.
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